Reduced energy excise tax rates in many countries in response to the recent energy crisis led to lower implicit carbon prices in 2023, but the development of new emissions trading schemes should lead to a greater share of emissions being priced in the next five years, according to a new OECD report.  Pricing Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2024: Gearing Up to Bring Emissions Down tracks how emissions trading systems, carbon taxes, fuel and electricity excise taxes, and subsidies that lower pre-tax prices...

Honourable Member of the European Parliament, dear Mr Zijlstra, Thank you for your letter regarding the potential costs of the digital euro project, which was passed on to me by Ms Aurore Lalucq, Chair of the Committee on Economic and Monetary Affairs, accompanied by a cover letter dated 9 October 2024. In your letter, you raise the question of how the digital euro could be cheaper for merchants than private alternatives. I would like to highlight that international card schemes currently account...

Contribution by Piero Cipollone, Member of the Executive Board of the ECB, to the Centre for European Reform’s annual economics conference on “A European path to higher economic growth” Thank you for inviting me to discuss whether a “hot” economy can drive productivity growth. A lot has been said recently about the structural reasons for the productivity gap between Europe and the United States, notably in Mario Draghi’s recent report. But this gap has worsened in the post-pandemic period, as productivity growth...

(Translated from Spanish) Opening remarks Madam President, ladies and gentlemen, Allow me to use Spanish to address you in this session that is as important as what will happen in our relations with the United States after the election of President Trump. An election that is not fortuitous, but rather demonstrates a profound political and cultural transformation in American society. a new relationship with politics, even a new relationship with the truth, because the truth seems to be excessively malleable. What...

The rapid adoption of AI in finance means that authorities should address information gaps for monitoring, assess the adequacy of current policy frameworks and enhance supervisory and regulatory capabilities. This report revisits the 2017 FSB report on AI and machine learning in financial services by taking stock of recent advancements, exploring use cases in the financial sector and drivers of adoption, as well as new potential benefits and AI-related financial sector vulnerabilities. In the past few years, technological advancements and increased computational power...

A significant gap in policy ambition exists between globally agreed temperature goals and the emissions reductions of national climate targets, according to a new report on countries covered by the OECD’s International Programme for Action on Climate (IPAC). According to the 4th edition of the Climate Action Monitor, Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) currently commit to a collective reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of only 14% by 2030, compared to 2022 levels, in countries covered by IPAC which produce over 80% of...

NEW YORK—The Federal Reserve Bank of New York’s Center for Microeconomic Data today issued its Quarterly Report on Household Debt and Credit. The report shows total household debt increased by $147 billion (0.8%) in Q3 2024, to $17.94 trillion. The report is based on data from the New York Fed’s nationally representative Consumer Credit Panel. It includes a one-page summary of key takeaways and their supporting data points. The New York Fed also issued an accompanying Liberty Street Economics blog post examining the evolution in...

Washington, DC – Today, Export-Import Bank of the United States (EXIM) President and Chair Reta Jo Lewis announced that in Fiscal Year 2024, EXIM authorized $8.4 billion in deals, supporting approximately 38,000 jobs across the country. Throughout FY24, EXIM authorized more than 1,400 transactions, and more than 85 percent of deals supported small businesses. Those transactions include $3 billion in support of the U.S. exporters facing competition from the People’s Republic of China (PRC), especially in transformational export areas like...