Chapter News

06 Jul
Chapter News, News

ECB | Interview with Christine Lagarde, President of the ECB

Interview with Les Échos conducted by Guillaume Benoit and Christophe Jakubyszyn on 24 June 2026 On 11 June, the ECB raised its key interest rates. Do you still think that was the right decision, given that just ten days later Iran and the United States agreed a 60-day ceasefire? We are confident that we made the right choice. As early as April, a large majority of Governing Council members were already prepared to take a decision. But at that point we...

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02 Jul
Chapter News, News, Uncategorized

IMF | Tokenization Can Change the World’s Financial Architecture

Policy choices will determine whether tokenized finance strengthens or fragments the financial system. Tokenization is often described as a technological upgrade enabling faster settlement, cheaper payments, and programmable assets. But it is a lot more. When financial assets and liabilities move onto shared digital ledgers, the structure of the financial system itself changes. Processes that today occur sequentially — execution, clearing, settlement —can now happen simultaneously, governed by software rather than institutional processes. Risk could migrate away from the balance sheets...

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01 Jul
Chapter News, News

OECD | The Research and Innovation Workforce Continues to Expand Across the OECD

Across the OECD area, the share of science and engineering professionals reached 3.7% of the workforce in 2024; information and communication technology (ICT) professionals grew to 3.1%. R&D personnel in turn rose to almost 1.6%. The professional science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)  workforce has continued to grow across OECD and EU economies, according to the latest data from the Research and Innovation Careers Observatory (ReICO). The share of science and engineering (S&E) professionals rose from 3.2 to 3.7% of total employment across...

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30 Jun
Chapter News, News, Trade & TTIP Related

European Commission | Questions and Answers on Implementing the EU’s Steel Regulation: the Tariff Quota Distribution for Steel Imports

What quotas have been put in place on steel imports into the EU and whom do they concern? The EU's steel measure, which enters into application on 1 July 2026, reduces duty-free imports of 26 categories of steel products into the EU by an average of 47% as compared with the quotas under steel safeguard. As of 1 July 2026, a total of 18.3 million tonnes of steel will be allowed to enter the EU duty-free each year. Today's implementing...

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30 Jun
Chapter News, News

IMF | Righting Globalizations’ Wrongs

Place-based policies offer regions left behind by globalization a path beyond economic populism. One of the most firmly held beliefs in economics is that free trade is good for humanity. Yet that confidence in the economic virtue of open markets can blind the profession to the complications of deep global economic ties. When in the 1990s the world leapt into frenzied globalization, policymakers touted the potential efficiency gains but gave short shrift to possible painful distributional consequences. Those consequences have...

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29 Jun
Chapter News, News, Trade & TTIP Related

European Commission | Ensuring Fairness and Safety: €3 Customs Duty for Low-Value Parcels

From 1 July 2026, the EU will introduce a temporary €3 customs duty on low-value parcels imported from outside the EU, mainly through e-commerce. This includes a wide range of products commonly bought online, such as clothing, toys, electronics, and other consumer goods worth up to €150. Every day, millions of low-value parcels enter the EU. Many contain products that do not meet EU safety standards or are undervalued or falsely declared to avoid customs duties. At the same time, the current customs duty exemption gives non-EU sellers an unfair advantage over businesses that manufacture...

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26 Jun
Chapter News, News

IMF | Artificial Intelligence and the Economics of Adjustment

Today’s AI policies will shape tomorrow’s job market. Artificial intelligence has reignited an old fear—that technology will eliminate work faster than economies can adapt. Variations of this concern appear every time powerful new technologies emerge. What feels different today is the speed, scope, and visibility of AI’s advance, particularly in cognitive tasks long assumed to be uniquely human. Yet history shows that whenever new technology emerges, economies ultimately undergo deep structural transformation. This allows labor markets to adapt to the potential...

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25 Jun
Chapter News, News, Trade & TTIP Related

European Council | EU-US Trade: Council Gives Final Approval for the Tariff Commitments Under Joint Statement

Today, the Council formally adopted two regulations implementing the tariff-related commitments set out in the EU-US Joint Statement of 21 August 2025. The adoption completes the legislative process and confirms the EU’s commitment to a stable, predictable and mutually beneficial transatlantic trade relationship, while preserving the necessary guardrails to protect European economic interests. "We are committed to a strong and open transatlantic partnership with our historic ally, but openness must go hand in hand with safeguarding our interests. These measures achieve both, supporting...

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24 Jun
Chapter News, News

European Commission | Tax Simplification Package to Streamline Compliance and Enhance Competitiveness of the Single Market

Today, the European Commission adopted an ambitious tax simplification package designed to simplify EU tax rules and reduce compliance burdens for businesses. The package comprises of two proposals, the Taxation Omnibus and the Recast of the Directive on Administrative Cooperation (DAC) and will modernise the EU's direct tax framework and strengthen the competitiveness of the Single Market while maintaining the existing strong level of protection against tax fraud, evasion and avoidance. The package is expected to save EU businesses around €8 billion annually,...

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24 Jun
Chapter News, News

ECB | What Separates Firms That Use AI Intensively From Firms That Don’t?

Blog | The adoption rate of AI is rising rapidly, but the intensive use that drives transformation and generates macroeconomic gains remains rare. This blog explores what sets intensive AI users apart and what firms need to deeply integrate AI into their production processes. The advent of AI has been widely hailed as a driver of productivity growth. Yet simply adopting AI does not guarantee measurable improvements in firms’ efficiency. What does matter is what they use the new technology...

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