01
Aug
Two atoms exchange a virtual photon – the empty space around them is not as empty as one might think. Photo: Vienna University of Technology
A vacuum is not as empty as one might think. In reality, empty space is a bubbling soup of various virtual particles spontaneously appearing and disappearing, popping in and out of existence. This phenomenon is called “vacuum fluctuations”. Usually, we do not notice such extremely short-lived particles, but in certain cases vacuum forces can have...