A new report from the European Commission highlights a positive shift in education funding across Europe, offering a boost to the EU's competitive edge. Titled ‘Investing in Education 2025,' the report details multiple economic and social benefits and shows that public investment in education is recovering after the setbacks of the Covid-19 pandemic - though it has not yet reached the levels seen before the crisis. This uptick supports the goals of the Union of Skills strategy and suggests promising benefits for the...

Opening panel remarks by Christine Lagarde, President of the ECB, at the annual Economic Policy Symposium “The policy implications of labour market transition” organised by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City in Jackson Hole Jackson Hole, 23 August 2025 Alexis de Tocqueville – one of the keenest observers of early American democracy – once wrote: “History is a gallery of pictures in which there are few originals and many copies.” In monetary policy, too, we often look to past cycles for...

The European Commission has today launched a Call for Evidence and a public consultation to seek input on the scope and content of its revision of the Guidelines on State aid for rescuing and restructuring non-financial undertakings in difficulty (‘Rescue and Restructuring Guidelines'). This input will be used to update the Guidelines to ensure that they remain fit to meet their objectives. The Rescue and Restructuring Guidelines set out the conditions under which aid to non-financial undertakings in difficulty may be considered in line...

At “Labor Markets in Transition: Demographics, Productivity, and Macroeconomic Policy,” an economic symposium sponsored by the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Jackson Hole, Wyoming Over the course of this year, the U.S. economy has shown resilience in a context of sweeping changes in economic policy. In terms of the Fed's dual-mandate goals, the labor market remains near maximum employment, and inflation, though still somewhat elevated, has come down a great deal from its post-pandemic highs. At the same time,...

Panel remarks by Christine Lagarde, President of the ECB, at the International Business Council of the World Economic Forum The global economy is at a challenging juncture. But despite recent trade tensions and substantial uncertainty, global growth has remained broadly steady so far. This resilience has been mainly driven by tariff-induced distortions of economic activity. In the first quarter of the year, for example, we saw strong global frontloading as importers boosted their inventories in anticipation of higher tariffs. That has led...