Highlights The Court of International Trade (CIT) has ordered U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) to begin automatically refunding International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) duties. The order applies broadly to all importers that paid IEEPA duties, but companies must confirm whether their entries are unliquidated, liquidated but not final, or fully final. Key uncertainty remains around what qualifies as “not final” liquidation and how this will impact refunds for importations made, particularly in early 2025. The ruling may...

It’s an understatement to say it’s been a chaotic year for global trade. For much of 2025 and early 2026, supply chain professionals, importers, and multinational companies have been operating in an environment defined by policy shifts, unclear exemptions, and significant cost volatility. Against that backdrop, the U.S. Supreme Court’s February 20 decision on the legality of the IEEPA tariffs was widely anticipated as a turning point, with many on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean hoping for clarity...

On February 20, 2026, the U.S. Supreme Court issued its much-anticipated ruling in the Learning Resources case, concluding that the tariffs imposed by the Trump administration since February 2025 under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) were unauthorized. The Court’s landmark 6-3 decision produced seven separate opinions with Chief Justice John Roberts and Justices Sonia Sotomayor, Elena Kagan, Neil Gorsuch, Amy Coney Barrett, and Ketanji Brown Jackson in the majority, holding that “the power to unilaterally impose tariffs of unlimited amount, duration,...

Notice: Switchover from IEEPA to Section 122 Tariffs in Effect As of 12:01 AM EST February 24, U.S. IEEPA Tariffs have been replaced with a new 10% Section 122 Tariff. This is the result of the U.S. Supreme Court striking down the long-debated IEEPA Tariffs last week, deeming them unlawful, and President Trump using his authority to replace them with the temporary (150-day) Section 122 tariff announced this past weekend. Be aware, an “on the water” exception may exist for goods...

Key Points Importers who paid IEEPA duties in 2025–2026 have legal a basis for refunds but must take affirmative steps to recover. Only the IEEPA additional ad valorem duty component is refundable — not MFN, Section 232, or Section 301 duties. Refund rights belong to the importer of record; downstream buyers must recover through contract or assignment. Importers can join existing protective refund litigation in the U.S. Court of International Trade. The Merits Are Decided — Refunds Are Not The U.S....